Bladder cancer is the ninth most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide, with more than 380,000 new cases each year and more than 150,000 deaths per year, and an estimated male-female ratio of 3.8:1
Tobacco smoking is the most well-established risk factor for bladder cancer, causing 50-65% of male cases and 20-30% of female cases.
Painless haematuria is the most common presenting complaint.
Approximately 75% of patients with BC present with a disease confined to the mucosa. Haematuria is the most common finding.
The diagnosis of papillary BC ultimately depends on cystoscopic examination of the bladder and histological evaluation of the resected tissue. Complete and correct transurethral resection of the bladder tumor is essential to achieve a good prognosis.
As a result of the risk of recurrence and progression, patients with superficial bladder tumours need to be followed up frequently.

Transurethral bladder tumor resection